Of metallic cutting fluid reasonable use

5-1989. The scale that expresses 1 metal to machine fluid to press treatment type and utility classification machines pattern processing cutting to machine anticorrosive and antirust other to occupy than %36381313 in last few years, development of cutting juice production is very rapid, new product is rolled out ceaselessly, sort is more and more all ready, function also more and more refine, be aimed at different treatment kind, have corresponding cutting liquid to it corresponding. According to not complete count, our country is current the market of metallic lubricant year quantity of total demand is 250 thousand T about, will differentiate according to the different type of treatment and utility, if the proportion that holds severally expresses 1 to show. And among them 38% what cutting treatment fluid wants to occupy treatment lubricant total wastage. In light of the brand that processes fluid from cutting, card of home made product often relies on inferior value to strive for the market, the compression of cost brings about product quality to drop and cannot get the market to approbate. Hold the comes from foreign company mostly a few well-known trademarks of market share front row at present. So, developing the brand of homebred cutting fluid that has own intellectual property is a when be placed before us main task. It is refrigeration, lubricant that the fluid of action metal cutting of 1 cutting fluid machines medium main effect in mechanical purify, clean and antirust. Because liquid convection and vaporization can drop the exterior temperature of cutting tool and workpiece, prevented the burn of workpiece surface and deformation thereby. In addition, cutting fluid should be had fight bubble sex, antifungi metamorphism sex, accomplish discharge do not pollute an environment, do not hurt human body and the demand such as use economy. For this, need to add a few special additive in cutting fluid middling, like oily agent (but adsorption is in workpiece apparently form oily film) , extremely approach an agent (firm chemical film can be formed below high temperature high pressure, case anti-friction, defend felt action) , antirust (prevent a metal rustily) , anti-foaming agent (bubble of the generation when preventing cutting fluid to drench in gush) , antioxidant (prevent cutting oil to issue oxidation in high temperature high pressure) , exterior activator. Additive is metallic cutting fluid the core element in engineering technology, good additive prescription already became cutting fluid to produce an enterprise to raise the requirement of competition ability of oneself brand market. The sort of 2 cuttings fluid is divided by configuration, have: Liquid cutting fluid and solid lubricant two kinds. The commonly used liquid cutting fluid in production has: The oil that gives priority to in order to lubricate base cutting fluid and the water that give priority to in order to cool base cutting fluid two kinds big. 2.

1 oil base cutting fluid is oily base cutting fluid calls cutting oil again, its are basic composition is base oil (mineral oil or synthetic oily) . Dilute does not need when using, use former liquid directly. According to machining means, cutting tool material, workpiece material is mixed those who machine a requirement is different, but right amount in base oil add a person all sorts of additive, like oily agent, extremely approach an agent (wait like chloric, sulfur, phosphor) , anticorrosion agent, antioxidant, make up function the oil of each different base cutting fluid. Fluid of oil radical cutting is mixed according to base oil of additive different, can divide roughly for pure mineral oil (the system of total loss bad news that is like brand of L-ANS ～ L-AN32 uses oil, namely mechanical oil, or kerosene and light diesel fuel) , pure synthesis is oily (its base oil by synthesis fat, get together α olefin, get together ether, get together the composition such as 2 alcohol) , active pole presses cutting oil (be like sulfurized oil) , be not active pole to press cutting oil (be like. The cutting oil that makes base oil with mineral oil has lubricant property the good point with admirable, antirust good performance, reason is used most; But produce aerosol and easy combustion easily when high speed is machined because of mineral oil, biology degradation sex is poor, contaminate water and soil, handlers having damage is healthy. Accordingly, the cutting oil that gives priority to with mineral oil develops a tendency: It is mineral oil gradually by biology but of degradation, the polyolefin that does not contain balmy hydrocarbon synthesizes kind of material place to replace; 2 be gradually by water base cutting fluid place is replaced, in order to save the sources of energy. 2.

2 water base cutting fluid water base cutting fluid is the cutting fluid with at present most application, 70% what its product holds total share of cutting liquid market about. After fluid of water radical cutting needs to use water dilute, try to use, the condition after the basis is attenuant can be divided mix for fluid of cutting of emulsification cutting fluid, small emulsification synthetic cutting fluid. Emulsification cutting fluid (emulsion of the following abbreviation) emulsion is to use mineral oil, emulsifying agent (be like oil sulphur acerbity natrium, sulphonating castor oil) the emulsification that reachs additive to had been made up beforehand is oily (call former fluid) the emulsion system that add water dilute and becomes. Because of oil not dissolve at water, to make both mix, must add emulsifying agent so. Emulsifying agent is activator of a kind of surface, its element is by polar group and blame two parts form polar group. Former close water, but dissolve at water; Latter and lipophilic, but dissolve at oil. Become oil in the agitate in water when granule, emulsifying agent element arranges adsorption can directionally to be in grease on two interfaces, rise oil and water join, dissociative granule no longer pelagian because of agglomeration in water, make float chaotic juice. Emulsification oil is contained in emulsion little, namely density is low (if chroma is 3% ～ 5%) , it is good to cool and clean action, comfortable at rough machining and grinding; Concentration is high (it is good to be lubricant action of 10% ～ 20%) like chroma, comfortable at finish machining (wait for) like broaching and aperture of bore with a reamer. To improve the lubricant performance of emulsion further, the chloric, sulfur that still can add certain amount, phosphor extremely press additive, make up extremely press emulsion. Former juice of juice of cutting of synthesis of synthetic cutting fluid is general not oiliness, reason lubricity is relatively some poorer, but can save the sources of energy, benefit at environmental protection, it is OK with dissolve of water each other, the cutting fluid after configuration is more transparent, visibility is good, service life is long, suit to be used on the efficient equipment such as numerical control machine tool and machining center particularly. For example, fluid of treatment of metal of the environmental protection that our country accumulating wears petro-chemical limited company to develop complete synthesis and British comparing Er (fluid of grinding of complete synthesis of the SCF600 that Korniche) company rolls out and SCF900 belongs to this kind of product, apply to the general machining of black and nonferrous metal and grinding treatment. Fluid of small emulsification cutting (small emulsion of the following abbreviation) small emulsion the oil content in former fluid (namely oily additive content) lesser, and content of exterior activator, antirust is bigger, translucence is shown after adding water to make up small lacteal, its exterior and function interpose are mixed at emulsion synthetic cutting fluid is both between. It holds the advantage with an emulsion and synthetic cutting both fluid concurrently, made up for both inadequacy again, it is close will 10 years develop faster, use liquid of increasingly extensive cutting of a kind of water radical. The water that at present a few well-known companies of foreign roll out base cutting liquid product, if England compares Er company,the metal of SCF Universal green of development machines fluid and chemistry of German Kui gram (China) patent cutting fluid belongs to the vinegar of synthesis of QUAKERCOOL 370 KLG that the company rolls out this kind of product. The synthetic vinegar in QuAKERcooL 370 KLG is by fatty acid and alcohol kind the compound that reaction makes, have wonderful lubricity, small latex can be formed after mixing with water, and be in metallic treatment environment more difficult degradation, ensure cutting tool and cut bits, and cutting tool and the liquid that workpiece contact can maintain good on area interface are lubricant, attrib border lubricate and extremely pressure (the condition with lubricant EP) , apply to the treatment that waits for difficult treatment material in alloy of aluminium alloy, admire and chromium, nickel, ferroalloy especially use below the circumstance. 2.

Use in lubricant of solid of 3 solid lubricant more is 2 vulcanization molybdenum (MoS2) , it is a kind of good environmental protection lubricant. The lubricating film that forms by MoS2 has very small coefficient of friction (0.

05 ～ 0.

09) , high melting point (1185 ℃ ) , very tall fight control function (3.

1GPa) . Can brush MoS2 besmear when cutting in cutting tool surface or workpiece apparently, also can add in cutting oil. Below circumstance of high temperature, high pressure, it still can maintain very good lubricity and wearability. In addition, use MoS2 lubricant still can prevent felt and restrain generation of the tumour that accumulate bits, lengthen cutting tool life and reduce exterior surface roughness. MoS2 lubricant is used successfully at boring bore with a reamer, deep aperture, tap to mix in pulling the treatment such as aperture. For example, use a kind (Ti, the hard alloy broach of Al)N+MoS2 soft coating [use on preexistence broach namely (Ti, al) N has horniness coat, brush MoS2 soft coating in the besmear on its again next] dry auger cut cylinder body of casting pig engine to go up deep aperture, cutting tool life is as high as 160Omin, the broach of a besmear TIN or TiCN coating, its life is respectively 19.

6min and 44min. The chooses cutting fluid effect of 3 cutting fluid besides depend on cutting fluid itself outside all sorts of function, still depend on the element such as material of treatment requirement, workpiece, cutting tool material and treatment means, answer to consider integratedly, logical choice and use correctly. When wanting to ask to choose rough machining according to treatment, cutting dosage is bigger, produce many heat in metal cutting, to drop cutting temperature, the water with should choose cooling property good at this moment base cutting fluid. When finish machining, requirement workpiece obtains first-rate surface quality and lesser exterior surface roughness to be worth, reason should use cutting oil. Want to machine means to should be relatively in contemporary machining with what differ, cutting means is varied. For example turning, milling and bore, the requirement is normally efficient treatment, reason should choose fluid of water radical cutting; And when broaching and angrily, must use the treatment of complex cutting tool with more expensive price, have longer service life to assure to machine quality and knife, reason had better choose fluid of oil radical cutting. Classify as treatment finer and finer. Cutting fluid also has nonstandard the development tide that turn. Different cutting means has correspondence of fluid of different brand cutting. For example, be aimed at high speed grinding, german Europe sea (OEL-HELD) company research and development gave for a special purpose high-powered grinding is oily, because its comprise a structure to be pure alkyl hydrocarbon, have fight exceedingly goodly cut ability and fight ageing stability, special agree with treatment of high speed grinding, changed the treatment way that replaces grinding oil with general cutting fluid before thereby. The material that Nextpage should differ according to workpiece and cutting tool chooses the cutting tool with different qualitative capable person and work character, its are high temperature resistant gender, but cutting sex, hardness respective and alien, want to choose different cutting fluid respectively right now. For example, machine gear the workpiece with a kind of inferior hardness, be about to use the cutting liquid with taller viscosity, produce nick in order to avoid gear appearance; And cutting stainless steel material of a kind of difficult treatment, appropriate is chosen extremely press cutting oil or extremely press emulsion. Be like again, change boron with cubic nitrogen (when CBN) exceeds the material of a kind of tall hardness such as hard steel of temper by dipping in water of cutting of strong cutting tool, although CBN can bear the cutting temperature of 1350 ℃ of 1250 ～ , but in 1000 ℃ or so high temperature falls, CBN has reaction jointly with the oxygen in vapor and air, make ammonia and boric acid, this kind of chemical reaction calls hydrolysis action, can quicken cutting tool to wear away. Because this uses CBN cutting tool wet when cutting, the water that must press additive with belt pole base cutting fluid or extremely press cutting oil, with abate hydrolyze action. Should consult character of machine tool itself will choose pair of a few efficient and precious equipment, from consideration of angle of care and maintenance, the oil that should choose manage to change function to stabilize base cutting fluid treatment, in order to prevent a metal corrode, part of activity of component of rusty, motion produces an obstacle to wait. But the machine tool to a few open mode shoulds not be commonly,use liquid of oil radical cutting, lest cutting is oily a large number of volatilization and dissipation. Want function and price both give attention to two or morethings is aimed at specific treatment condition to should choose function and price to compare highest cutting fluid. In addition, chooses cutting fluid still asks that he cannot be versed in to the operation the person's health and environmental protection bring negative effect. At present as a result of global environment consciousness strengthen the requirement that reachs environmental protection legislation increasingly strict, the market is higher and higher to the requirement of function of environmental protection of cutting fluid green. So, the oil with good sex of degradation of a few biology base cutting fluid got the favour of people. For example, very rich the two-phase that the product of Hocut TR2000 series of a company uses plant of degradation of easy live thing to oil refines and be become so namely (oily photograph and water photograph) fluid of pilot environmental protection cutting. And the has noxiousness antirust additive method in replacing fluid of water radical cutting with acerbity salt of tungstate, key course of study already aborning promotion. The use method of 4 cutting fluid reachs his to improve 4.

Method of 1 feed flow and its improve the method of cutting fluid feed flow that at present manufacturing middling uses to have pouring law and inside cooling law two kinds. Former it is to use gear pump or low-pressure pump (0.

1 ～ 0.

2MPa) is mixed through conduit fluid of nozzle general cutting is direct and pouring on the interface that contacts an area to face of the knife before cutting tool and face of the knife after cutting bits and cutting tool and workpiece. This way is most simple, but feed flow effect is poor, and cutting fluid wastage is big, it is 5 ～ commonly 20L/min. Cool inside the law is multi-purpose suck at oily Kong Zuan, deep Kong Zuan, gush auger, cover makings knife and Chan Ren to bolt the Kong Jia such as reamer is versed in on cutting tool, need to make feed flow hole inside cutter hub, next high pressure (current of cutting of 1 ～ 10MPa) , high-speed introduces cutter hub interior, shoot to cutting surface, the feed flow effect of this law is good, but need to one cover system of expert cutting juice supply, use get confine. Present research makes clear, cutting fluid uses cutting of approximately dry type " steam bundle " sparge refrigeration way is most efficient, and cutting fluid is used up little, finished cost is low. "Steam bundle ' , sparge refrigeration is with constant pressure (0.

The air of 3 ～ 1MPa) makes cutting fluid pulverization, and with very tall speed gush to cutting area, the cutting droplet that makes submit pulverization form below this area high temperature is very fast vaporization. Because the liquid can absorb a large number of quantity of heat when vaporization, can make the temperature inside cutting area drops substantially consequently, at the same time cutting fluid still can take away the quantity of heat of cutting area and space and powder, improve work environment. Carry out a proof, using circumstance of fluid of cutting waiting for a quantity to fall, "Steam bundle " the quantity of heat that sparge refrigeration absorbs inside same time is 1000 times of the law more pouring. So, it not only can improve cutting tool service life, and can make of cutting fluid use up decrease greatly. According to Germany Glyn (Guhring) company test confirms, in the car use on a few product line " steam bundle " sparge is cooling, every need bad news to use half cups of oil only, and can use cheap factory derive oil. "Steam bundle " sparge refrigeration applies to automatic product line to go up already, in also applying to general metallic cutting to machine. The graph is shown 1 times use to be on average drilling machine " steam bundle " a kind of device of supply cutting fluid. This device includes working ministry Ⅰ and overflow ministry Ⅱ by 1(of box of lay aside fluid) , filter 2 and 3, collect fluid dish 5, nozzle 6, box is built 8, gush is sucked implement 9, gas a powerful person 11, throttle 12, conduit 13 reach conduit east 7 with. When the job, actuate enrages a powerful person 11, compress air general with Pc=O.

The pressure of 4MPa goes out from pipeline middling pressure, generate high-pressured air stream. Tall calm sb's anger flows in conduit the meeting when the upside of 13 is passed generates negative pressure, and cutting fluid from inside box of lay aside fluid epispastic, hit droplet record. Afore-mentioned high-pressured air current are taking the cutting fluid of tiny droplet to infiltrate cutting area, can rapid vaporization falls in high temperature, absorb much quantity of heat, drop cutting temperature effectively thereby. And in collect fluid dish in after collection waste liquid passes filter but box of fluid of regurgitate lay aside continues to use. Throttle 12 it is the pressure in using change pipeline, so that adjust the discharge of cutting fluid. And gas a powerful person can use telegraphic name 11 times (operate through volts d.c. U=24V) . Use make clear. This plant construction is simple, use convenient. 1.

Box of lay aside fluid 2, 3. Filter 4, 7, 10.

Conduit 5.

Collect fluid dish 6.

Nozzle 8.

Box is built 9.

Gush is sucked implement 11.

Gas a powerful person 12.

Throttle 13.

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Dominate a powerful person or family 2 with 5.

Eddy segregator 3.

Overflow a powerful person 4.

Fully sheathed case 6.

Hydraulic pump 7.

Box of lay aside fluid 9.

Pipeline 10.

Magnetic segregator 11.

Filter box 12.

Reclaim implement graph the multistage of 3 cutting fluid filters device 4.

Device of 2 feed flow and its improve the device of cutting juice supply that stand-alone equipment uses to become independent severally mostly in be being produced at present, it is existing of cutting fluid safeguard, management is no-go, quality is controlled not easily, waste liquid discharge capacity is large wait for defect. And the means that already used cutting liquid concentration to furnish now in the developed country. Alleged concentration furnishs even if will much stage is wet of treatment, of identical cutting means and material, the unit of cutting juice supply that becomes independent severally on every machine tool, amalgamative for system of a supply, if pursue,2 are shown. Because used circumfluence of liquid of systemic circulation, large flow, great distance,center feed flow, so the quantity of heat of cutting fluid sends out fast, temperature of feed flow system is low, and be mixed on the weekend still set during the shutdown such as holiday inside circularly (see a picture 2 in C loop) , make the cutting fluid of large flow flows can uninterruptedly, controlled bacterial growth effectively, also be opposite easily at the same time the function index of cutting fluid (value of the soda acid that be like PH, chroma and bubble) implementation automata, ensure the quality of cutting fluid. In addition, center feed flow to also facilitate corrupt the concentration of fluid purifies processing, protect zoology environment. Engine of limited company of car of masses of our country Shanghai the factory uses concentration to cutting fluid after feed flow, make the mean life of cutting fluid rose when more dispersive than stand-alone feed flow 2.

5 times, obtained remarkable economic benefits. But center feed flow the cost of one-time investment is higher. 4.

3 cutting fluid purifies processing people thought in the past, machine in nicety only, boil for example press and abrade when, ability must use the cutting liquid that purifies through filtering subtly, but consider to make clear in last few years, be like the impurity in cutting fluid (wait like powder of drossy, emery wheel) reduce 10µm from 40µm, cutting tool life can lengthen 1 ～ 3 times. Accordingly, current research thinks, no matter be accurate treatment, still getting cut, aperture of reaming, bore with a reamer is mixed in the common treatment such as an aperture, to raise cutting tool life and dependability, improve a spare parts to machine quality, all should use purify cutting fluid. In addition, clean cutting fluid still can prevent microbial growth. The impurity such as the powder of purifies the belt in handle even if working it to enter drossy, emery wheel of cutting fluid is seasonable purify. Purify a method commonly usedly to have filter law and separation process. Filter the law is to use poriferous data, wait like qualitative net of copper wire, cloth, expanded plastics make filter, with the impurity that fluid of the cutting when eliminate is working produces; Separation process is application the device such as gravitational precipitation, inertial depart, magnetic depart, the impurity that fluid of the cutting when eliminate is working produces. Actual production middling uses a few kinds of methods integratedly. The multistage of fluid of a kind of cutting that the graph is shown 3 times even if uses a few kinds of afore-mentioned methods integratedly filters purifying device, it is made not only simple, the structure is compact, and filter the effect is good, can make sure cutting fluid has taller cleanness to spend. When the job, hydraulic pump 6 cutting fluid from box of lay aside fluid 7 inside take out and approach the first level vortical segregator 5 inside, make the impurity of 25µm of the 10 ～ in cutting fluid is departed to come out, fill whole fully sheathed case next 4 make maximum pressure generates inside box. After pressure reachs fair value, cutting fluid is pressed the 2nd class is vortical segregator 2 inside, undertake filter of essence of life purifies processing, make at the same time of 5 ～ 10µm petty small pink depart comes out, can bring to area of machine tool work to use. And had used contain the cutting juice with more impurity, and from vortical segregator 2 and 5 in of generation sedimentary pass reclaim implement the cone of 12 is flowed into filter box 11 inside. Through magnetic and detached processing, will contain the impurity that cuts bits to have a first treatment among them, flow again next return case of lay aside fluid 7 inside continue to use. In using, if need to cut off the supply of cutting fluid temporarily (should change for example) of treatment spare parts, should close control valve only 1, cutting fluid can carry overflow a powerful person 3 and regurgitate arrives box of lay aside fluid 7 inside, make whole filter purify systematic bos to stop the work. According to the report, russia development went a kind to use the cutting fluid that certain subsystem regards rotor as the foundation to purify processing unit (Russia patent invents date No1503895) , its principle is the cutting fluid that the basis flows have in the Kong Shi through becoming sectional greater pressure falls and empty phenomenon of speed gradient sound, can obtain the cutting fluid with high petty dispersion, the particle of cutting fluid but broken into 0.

8 ～ 1.

2µm. According to saying, this is to purify a kind of device with cutting the most effective fluid at present. 4.

The waste liquid of the fluid of cutting of waste liquid processing of 4 cutting fluid is important pollution source, because this is like where,the waste liquid of manage cutting fluid is to involve environmental protection and guardian kind live the environment is important problem. To water base the waste liquid processing of cutting fluid has: Physical processing, chemical processing, biology processing and combustion handle a few kinds of methods. The industrial developed country such as the United States developed degradation of advanced cutting fluid biology to handle a technology, already applied extensively in industrial group. The task henceforth is to study with promotion cutting fluid waste liquid handles new technology, new technology energetically, the waste liquid that discharges in order to ensure is right environmental free from contamination. CNC Milling CNC Machining